Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Synopsis - Essay Example It took an entire 50 years before youth were first paid attention to as potential buyers. The three significant standards that transformed it were deregulation, character authorizing, and another way to deal with showcase segmentation.1 The 1980s was a time of extraordinary change from numerous points of view. The discussion over the guideline of the media business during the earlier decade helped open up the chance of kids to become purchasers. Adversaries asserted that children’s publicizing was misleading since children couldn't in any way, shape or form comprehend the shrouded implications of what was being showcased to them.2 Others contended that the administration reserved no privilege to force limitations on what was adequate in the commercial center. What eventuated was self-guideline, which supporters gradually let reduce throughout the years. When this procedure had occurred in the United States, it was just unavoidable that it would win in Canada as well. Prior to the beginning of the commercialization of youth, youngsters were totally lumped together in one monster advertise portion. When youth promoting had started to happen, crowds were sectioned into independent niches.3 This was somewhat accomplished through the formation of broadcasting companies explicitly for kids, for example, Nickelodeon and Music Television (MTV).4 These unmistakable systems had the option to concentrate on a little arrangement of watchers by including their requirements and needs in the cosmetics of programming.

LPN vs. RN career Essay

Numerous understudies attend a university to acquire a degree, wether it be business,â nursing, hardware, or some more. The clinical ï ¬ eld is a very signiï ¬ cant ï ¬ eld, and where a great deal of openings for work accessible. In the clinical ï ¬ eld an individual can have numerous assortments of assignment, and win a ton of salary for their families. I for one need to turn into a RN which represents an enrolled nurture, and spend significant time in sedatives. Another assignment is a LPN which is an authorized handy medical caretaker. LPNs and RNs have a great deal of likenesses and contrasts in their places of work, and study. These similitudes and contrasts would comprise of training, duties, and the salary for the two occupations. The primary distinction between the LPN versus RN profession way is the degree that isâ earned. RNs get an expert nursing degree, while LPNs get a commonsense nursing degree. An expert nursing degree contains much more courses, so it sets aside significantly longer effort to finish than a viable nursing degree. These course would comprise of much more math, science to get an expert nursing degree. Be that as it may, with either decision the NCLEX test is required, and should be addressed effectively so as to turn out to be either a LPN or a RN. Instructively, LPN’s ought to go to one year of professional preparing to get their title. Enrolled attendants must go to nursing school for around two years to get their Associates Degree or four years to get their BSN. Another distinction is the duties each title has. RNs teaches, treats, andâ depending on authorized conclusions patients. Normally, a RN assesses a patientâ to comprehend patients’ manifestations. They structure a treatment design or change one. A RN additionally deals with a LPN and approves task including tolerant consideration. RNs offer solace and exhortation about taking care of a family individuals affliction. A LPN likewise help patients who are injured, sick or dealt with by a RN. The LPN ï ¬ nishes urgent nursing obligations. They archive patients’ tallness, weight, circulatory strain, temperature, and heartbeat. They help patients with individual cleanliness, day by day exercises, and height in bed. The LPN may give patients food, in the event that they need assistance. Likewise, a LPN performs clinical obligations, for example, furnishing the patient with shots, evolving dressings, and regulate clinical hardware. The last distinction among RNs and LPNs is how much salary they make. Despite the fact that pay rates can change significantly for these occupations dependent on geology, types, uncommon zones and different components, inside and out, enlisted attendants are repaid more noteworthy in light of the fact that they are certify to take on additional patient consideration duties. The national normal salary is somewhere in the range of $31,800 and $44,300 year for LPNs. Enlisted Nurses bring home normal salaries running somewhere in the range of $46,500 and $66,800 every year. Taking everything into account, there are numerous contrast among LPNs and RNs. On the off chance that needing to get paid more I propose individuals go for their RN. LPNs are directly under a RN and get paid somewhat not exactly a RN. Working in the clinical ï ¬ eld is a brilliant activity and I recommend it to anybody. RN takes much additionally tutoring and more grounded instruction.

Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns Definition, Explanation and Examples

Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns Definition, Explanation and Examples If you were a farmer, how would you determine the optimum number of farmhands to employ, or the amount of fertilizer to use on your crop?If you owned a pizza outlet, how would you determine the optimum number needed at your pizza joint?In all these situations, the optimum number of chefs and farmhands and amount of fertilizer needed depends on something known as the law of diminishing marginal returns.The law of diminishing marginal returns is a universal economic law that states that, in any production process, if you progressively increase one input, while holding all other factors/inputs constant, you will eventually get to a point where any additional input will have a progressive decrease in output.In other words, you will get to a point where the benefits gained from increasing each extra unit of the input will start decreasing.For instance, holding other factors constant, increasing the number of chefs in your pizza outlet will increase pizza production up to a certain point.H owever, it will get to a point where increasing the number of chefs will not result in any meaningful increase in pizza production. If you keep increasing the number of chefs, it can even result in a decrease in pizza production.The law of diminishing marginal returns is a scientific expression of the common knowledge that too much of a good thing can actually be harmful to you.It is good to note that the law of diminishing marginal returns is only applicable on a short term basis, because some other factor of production will eventually change in the long run.The law of diminishing marginal returns traces its roots back to the world’s very earliest economists, such as David Ricardo, Thomas Robert Malthus, Johann Heinrich Von Thunen, James Steuart and Jacques Turgot.These early economists, ignoring the possibility that the means of production would be improved by advances in science and technology, used the law of diminishing marginal returns to theorize that due to the increasing world population it would get to a point where the output per head would start decreasing.This would plunge the world into a state of poverty that would effectively keep the global population from further growth. This was the origin of the Malthusian theory of population, which stated that the global population would one day outgrow its food supply.While advances in science and technology have certainly improved the means of production, thereby negating the effects of the law on global population and improving the standards of living despite the growing population, the effects of the law can still be witnessed in stagnant economies where the methods of production have remained unchanged for long periods.The law of diminishing marginal returns can also be referred to as the law of increasing costs, owing to the fact that it can also be described in terms of average cost.When an increase in one factor of production is accompanied by diminishing marginal returns, then this leads to an increase in the average cost of production.For instance, increasing the number of chefs in your pizza joint will be accompanied by an increase in the salary paid to your chefs cumulatively.Once it gets to the point of diminishing marginal returns, increasing an additional chef will increase your production costs (salary paid to chefs) without a proportional increase in pizza production.This is why the law can also be referred to as the law of increasing costs. The law of diminishing marginal returns is usually represented in graphical form using three curves: the marginal product curve, the total product curve and the average product curve.The marginal product curve shows the change in amount of production per input.The total product curve shows the change in production with progressive increase in one production input.The average product curve shows the change in average production.CAUSES FOR THE OPERATION OF THE LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNSThere are a number of factors that make the operation of the law of diminishing returns possible. These include:Fixed Factors of ProductionThe law of diminishing marginal returns is made possible by the fact that certain factors of production are fixed. The four factors of production â€" capital, labor, land and entrepreneurship â€" cannot all be increased in every instance.At the same time, all the four factors have to be effectively combined in order for production to occur.This means that effective increase in production can be achieved by increasing all the factors of production.However, the fact that not all factors of production can be increased in every situation create an imbalance in production.This increase in some factors of production while others remain fixed creates the perfect situation for the application of the law of diminishing marginal returns.Scarce FactorsIn some cases, some factors of production, such as land, are limited in nature and can therefore not be increased.In such cases, the law of d iminishing marginal returns will apply.However, this is not limited to land. Any of the other factors of production could also be scarce, depending on the situation.In such instances, an increase in some factors of production without a corresponding increase in others will disturb the balance of the factors, making it impossible for production to be increased at increasing rates.Lack of Perfect SubstitutesSometimes, the law of diminishing marginal returns applies because no perfect substitute can be found to replace one of the factors of production.If there is a decrease in one factor of production and no suitable substitute can be found then the law will definitely apply in this situation.Optimum ProductionThe optimum level of production is only achieved by a delicate balance of all the factors of production.One this optimum level has been achieved, any further increase in any of the factors of production will lead to a less efficient balance of these factors, resulting in a negati ve impact on the rate of production.In other words, increasing any single factor of production once the optimum level of production has been reached will result in the effects of the law of diminishing marginal returns.ASSUMPTIONS OF THE LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNSFor the law to be applicable in any situation, it makes the following assumptions:No Change in TechnologyThe law assumes that the progressive increase in the input is not accompanied by any change in the techniques of production.A change in the production technique will result in increased efficiency of production, thus negating the effects of the law.Therefore, for this law to apply, the method of production has to remain unchanged.Short TermLike I noted earlier, the law of diminishing marginal returns is only applicable in short term scenarios.It is unlikely that all the other variables factors of production will remain unchanged over a long period of time, making the law inapplicable in long term scenarios.Homog enous UnitsThe law assumes that the units of all the variable factors of production are equal.Measurement of ProductThe law assumes that the output of the production process can be measured or quantified in physical units, such as kilograms, liters or number of units.THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS AND THE 3 STAGES OF PRODUCTIONStage OneThe first stage of production is characterized by tremendous growth.During this stage, any increase in a variable input will lead to a corresponding increase in the rate of production, signifying increasing marginal return.The increase in rate of production outweighs the investment on the variable input. At this stage, all the three curves are positive.Stage TwoIn the second stage of production, the marginal returns start decreasing. Every extra variable unit added will still increase production, but at a decreasing rate.In other words, the benefit gained from every additional unit of input will be less than the benefit gained from the previous unit.It is during this stage that the law of diminishing returns becomes applicable. During this stage, the total product curve is still rising. However, the marginal curve and the average product curve start taking a dip.Stage ThreeThis is the final stage of production. During this stage, the marginal returns become negative. In other words, it becomes counterproductive to keep increasing the variable input.Any increase in the variable input results in a decrease in the rate of production.This happens as a result of limitations arising from inefficiency and the capacity of labor or capital.At this stage, the total product curve starts taking a dip while the other two curves maintain their downward trend.REAL LIFE EXAMPLES OF THE LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNSExample One: The FarmerLet us imagine a farmer who plans to plant maize on a once acre piece of land. In addition to land, the farmer will need other inputs such as seeds, fertilizer and labor.The farmer has already bought the amount of seeds he needs and he has farmhands to help him out at his farm.However, the farmer is yet to decide on the amount of fertilizer he is going to use on the farm. If he increases the amount of fertilizer, he will definitely increase the amount of grain he stands to harvest from the farm.However, if he keeps increasing the fertilizer, it will get to a point where the fertilizer will become harmful to his crop, resulting in decreased yield from the farm.According to the law of diminishing marginal returns, the farmer will get to a point where adding an extra bag of fertilizer will result in less increase in yield compared to the previous bag.To understand how this works, let us look at the table below.Bags of FertilizerBags of GrainMarginal Bags of Grain1101023020360304802059010680-10If the farmer uses one bag of fertilizer, he will harvest 10 bags of grain from the farm. If he uses two bags of fertilizer, he increases his total yield to 30 bags of grai n.In this case, the marginal (additional) yield gotten from the second bag of fertilizer is 20 bags. If he increases the third bag of fertilizer, the total yield will be 60 bags, while the marginal yield from the third bag of fertilizer will be 30 bags of grain.However, after adding the fourth bag of fertilizer, the law of decreasing marginal returns kicks in.While the fourth bag of fertilizer increases the total yield to 80 bags of grain, the marginal yield is only 20 bags which is a decrease from 30 for the previous bag of fertilizer.After the sixth bag of fertilizer, the marginal yield of each bag will become negative, at which point the total yield will also start decreasing.Example Two: A Small CaféLet us imagine an entrepreneur who sets up a small café and buys four stoves. The entrepreneur then hires 2 chefs to prepare the special dinners for which the café is famous.Each of the two chefs cooks using two stoves. However, their productivity is not maximized, since the chefs cannot efficiently cook two meals simultaneously.As more and more customers come to the café, the entrepreneur decides to hire two more chefs. At this point, more food is prepared, and more customers flock to the café.Since there are four chefs and four stoves, each of the stoves is efficiently utilized, and all the four chefs can cook a meal simultaneously.However, as the number of customers keeps increasing, the entrepreneur decides to hire two more chefs. At this point, the marginal utility of the chefs will decrease.This is because there are more chefs that stoves, meaning two chefs will have to waste time waiting for a stove to be freed.If the entrepreneur decides to hire two more chefs, there will increasing conflict for the stoves, cookware, ingredients, and so on. The chefs will also start getting in each other’s way, leading to a decrease in the total amount being prepared.Therefore, it becomes impossible for the entrepreneur to increase food production by hiring more chefs. Instead, increasing the chefs starts lowering the food production rate (while increasing the cumulative salary paid to the chefs).Example Three: FactoryImagine a shoe factory where different parts of the shoe are made by hand by the workers, but they all have to pass through one machine where they are stitched together to produce a complete shoe.With a low number of workers making the parts, the stitching machine will be underutilized, with some periods of idleness as it waits for more parts to be made.If the factory increases the number of workers, more shoes will be produced, because there will be more workers making the shoe parts and the stitching machine will be utilized more efficiently.However, if the factory keeps increasing the number of workers, it will get to a point where the workers will be making the different shoe parts at a faster rate than the machine can stitch them together.This is where the law of diminishing returns kicks in. From there, any further incre ase in the number of workers will not increase production, because there will be a backlog at the stitching machine.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNSThe law of diminishing marginal returns is a very significant law in economics. The law has a number of theoretical and practical applications.Some of the theoretical applications of the law include:The law is used to explain the equilibrium condition and behavior of a rational consumer in regards to a single commodity and a single want.The law of diminishing marginal returns is a universal law that forms the basis of several other economic laws and concepts. For instance, the law of diminishing marginal returns is the basis on which the law of demand is formed. The law of demand states that consumers will purchase larger quantities of commodities at a lower price. This is because, as the consumer purchases more and more units of the commodity, each additional unit provides less and less marginal utility, and there fore it is of less importance to the consumer. As such, the consumer will only buy additional units if they are offered at a lower price.The paradox of value, also referred to as the diamond-water paradox, can also be explained using the law of diminishing marginal returns. The paradox of value is an economic theory that states there are two kinds of value: the value arising from the utility of an object (value-in-use) and the value arising from the purchasing power conveyed by possession of an object (value-in exchange). For instance, diamonds have a great value-in-exchange. This is because of their scarcity, which drives up their marginal utility. Water, on the other hand, is available in abundance, therefore it has very low marginal utility. The result is that diamonds are way more expensive than water, despite being more useful than diamonds. This is because the marginal utility of a commodity determines its price.The law of diminishing marginal utility is the foundation on whic h Prof. Marshall’s theory of taxation and public expenditure is based. Marshall’s theory, which advocates for equitable distribution of wealth, is more like an application of the law of diminishing marginal returns to money. According to Marshall, the utility of money derived from the rich is a lot less than the utility of the same amount of money being accrued to the poor. In other words, if you take $100 from a rich man’s income, it is only a small sacrifice with relatively little utility. However, if the $100 is added to a poor man’s income, it provides greater utility. The satisfaction gained by the poor man from the $100 is a lot more than the loss felt by the rich man for the same $100.The Malthusian Theory of Population, the Ricardian Theory of Rent, the theory of pricing of factors of production, as well as several other theories relating to profits, interest and wages are based on the law of diminishing returns.Apart from these theoretical applications, the law of d iminishing marginal returns also has some practical significance, such as:The practice of promoting sales by reducing prices is based on the law of diminishing marginal returns. When the price of a commodity decreases, the consumer has to decrease the marginal utility in order to attain equilibrium. Since marginal utility decreases with increase in stock, the consumer can purchases more units of the commodity in order to achieve equilibrium.The law has also been used by governments in many countries to come up with appropriate tax policies. These countries apply progressive taxation on higher income earners on the basis that high income earners will feel less impact. This is because an increase in income decreases the marginal utility of money.The law has also been used by socialists to promote social welfare and equitable redistribution of wealth on the basis that the redistribution will result in great gains to the poor with little sacrifice from the rich.The law has also been use d to understand and explain the economic problems faced by developing countries. This is because the main economic activity in most of these countries is agriculture, which is where the effects of the law of diminishing returns are most visible. The law can also be used to boost agricultural productivity in these countries.Managers also use the law of diminishing marginal returns to determine the optimum number of employees required for maximum productivity. If an organization finds itself in Stage One of production, it means that the capital is not being utilized to the maximum, so the solution is to increase the number of employees. If the organization is in Stage Two, the manager can work out the optimum number of employees and the maximum level of productivity the organization is capable of achieving. If the organization is in Stage Three of production, then it means that the organization needs to reduce the number of employees.HOW THE LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNS APPLIES IN DAILY LIFEWhile it might seem like the law of diminishing returns only applies in business, the law is applicable in our day to day lives.Below are some areas where you might notice the effects of the law:Work: When working on a project, the work you put in initially greatly improves the quality of the project. If you keep working on it for longer time than you needed to complete it, each extra hour you put into the project will only result in slight improvements in quality. If you still continue putting more time into the project, you might actually end up decreasing its quality through over-tweaking.Learning a new thing: Whether it is learning a new language, a new sport, or even working at a new company, you tend to have a very steep learning curve in the first few months. After the first few months, you have learnt most of the things and therefore your learning curve slows down.Eating: If you give a child a piece of chocolate, they will be very happy. If you keep giving them more chocolate, they will continue gobbling it up, although with much less enthusiasm compared to the first piece of chocolate. If you continue giving them more pieces of chocolate, the marginal utility of the chocolate will keep reducing to the point where they will say that they do not want any more chocolate.Recreation: Playing your favorite game or spot, watching a movie, or even hanging out at your favorite joint feels great especially if you needed to unwind. However, the more you keep doing it, the more its marginal utility keeps decreasing. If you keep at it, negative utility kicks in, and you might even start feeling drained from doing something you usually enjoy doing.

Sophocles Play Oedipus the King in 60 Seconds

A tragic story from the Greek dramatist, Sophocles,  Oedipus the King is a well-known and studied play filled with murder, incest, and one mans discovery of the truth about his life. It is the story that you may know because Oedipus murdered his father and married his mother (unknowingly, of course). Also known as Oedipus Rex, this drama has symbolism and hidden meanings scattered throughout. This makes it a compelling study for the theater as well as high school and college students. The story also contributed to the naming of Sigmund Freuds most controversial theory in psychology, the Oedipus complex. Appropriately, the theory tries to explain why a child might have sexual desire for a parent of the opposite sex. This play has alluded to psychological drama long before Freud. Written around 430 BCE, Oedipus the King has long thrilled audiences with its plot twists and compelling characters and an unbelievably tragic ending. It is a production that will remain in classical theaters register of the greatest plays ever written. The Backstory First of all, to understand Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, a bit of Greek Mythology is in order. Oedipus was a strong, young man who was walking down the road when all of a sudden, an arrogant rich guy nearly runs him over with a chariot. The two fight – the rich guy dies. Further down the road, Oedipus meets a Sphinx who has been plaguing the city of Thebes  and challenging pedestrians with riddles. (Anyone who guesses wrong gets gobbled up.) Oedipus solves the riddle correctly  and becomes the King of Thebes. Not only that, he marries an attractive older gal named Jocasta – the recently widowed queen of Thebes. The Play Begins The setting is Thebes, over a decade after Oedipus has become king. The Chorus (a bunch of citizens who talk and move in unison) complains to their king about the terrible plague.King Oedipus wants to solve the city’s problems.Apparently, Zeus and the rest of the Olympian Gods are angry that the previous king was murdered and no one bothered to find the murderer. Oedipus vows to find the killer and bring justice. He will punish the killer no matter who the culprit is†¦ even if it is a friend  or a relative, even if he himself turns out to be the killer. (But that couldn’t possibly happen, now could it) The Plot Thickens Oedipus requests help from a local prophet, an old-timer named Tiresias. The aging psychic tells Oedipus to stop looking for the killer. But this just makes Oedipus all the more determined to find out who slew the previous king. Finally, Tiresias gets fed up and spills the beans. The old man claims that Oedipus is the murderer. Then, he declares that the murderer is Theban-born, and (this part gets seriously disturbing) that he killed his father and married his mother. Ooh! Gross! Yuck! Yes, Oedipus is a bit freaked out by Tiresias’ claims. Yet, this isn’t the only time he has heard this sort of prophecy. When he was a young man living in Corinth, another soothsayer claimed that he would kill his father and marry his mother. That prompted Oedipus to run away from Corinth to save his parents and himself from murder and incest. Oedipus’ wife tells him to relax. She says that many prophecies do not come true. A messenger arrives with news that Oedipus’ dad is dead. This seems to imply that all of the icky curses and destinies are not ordained. More Bad News for Oedipus Just when they think that life is fine (except for the deadly plague, of course) a shepherd arrives with a story to tell. The shepherd explains that long ago he found Oedipus as a child, a little baby left out in the wilderness. The shepherd took him back to Corinth where young Oedipus was raised by his adoptive parents. With a few more disturbing puzzle pieces, Oedipus figures out that when he ran away from his adoptive parents, he bumped into his biological father (King Laius) and killed him during their roadside argument. (Nothing is worse than chariot road rage mixed with patricide). Then, when Oedipus became king and married Jocasta, Laius’ wife, he was actually marrying his biological mother. Wrapping Things Up The chorus is filled with shock and pity. Jocasta hangs herself. And Oedipus uses the pins from her dress to gauge out his eyes. We all cope in different ways. Creon, Jocasta’s brother, takes over the throne. Oedipus will wander around Greece as a wretched example of man’s folly. (And, on can assume, Zeus and his fellow Olympians enjoy a mean-spirited chuckle.)

The First Day Of School - 1588 Words

â€Å"Arrg!† I cried out in frustration as I tried to make a decision between the pink shirt with black polka dots and the green shirt with the floral design. Sinking into my bed, my chest swelled with not only every breath I managed to take, but with anxiety and fear. Unlike my roommates, I’d already been through the usual chaos that preceded that day— the last minute packing, labeling all those new binders like voids waiting to be filled with overwhelming homework assignments, and the running around for this and that two weeks ago. Contrary to popular opinion, the first day of school isn’t as bad as everyone makes it seem. For me the anticipation, the glow, the joy, and the eventual let down when it’s over are all what makes it one of my†¦show more content†¦As soon as we walked through the doors of Gracemor Elementary School, I noticed how the hallways were packed with children my age and older with the same glint of excitement in their eyes as they cheerfully greeted their friends. When I finally mustered up the courage to look at the teachers, I noticed that they all had the same expression as the children. My teacher walked up to us and introduced herself to my uncle and then to me, even though she knew I couldn’t understand a word she said, and my uncle translated for her. As my uncle was leaving he knelt down and looked me straight in the eyes and gave me the what has now become â€Å"The Value of Education† speech. My teacher, Mrs. Decker, offered me her hand as she began walking down the hall to her classroom and I gratefully took it. When we reached the entrance to her classroom, she introduced me to the ecstatic looking women who would soon become my ELL teacher and then satisfied the inquisitive looks my classmates directed our way. As Mrs. Decker got class started, Ms. Paden led me outside and into another classroom and once again introduced me to the strange people that would soon become m y colleagues. After Ms. Paden had instructed the other students, she lead me to the most decorated corner of the room teeming with bean bags placed side by side next a little book shelf replete with all kinds of books with colorful covers. When she started speaking I, as expected, couldn’t understand the words coming out of herShow MoreRelatedThe First Day Of School Day709 Words   |  3 Pagesher first day of school. Both parents and the future scholar are beyond excited as they pack a healthy lunch to head out the door. Mother and child review a checklist of needed supplies. Crayons? Check. Pencils? Check. Backpack ready, they head out the door. Besides the jittery nerves of a new experience, the day goes perfectly. The child shares the same experience as the other students, with one minor exception: stopping by the nurse’s office for a â€Å"snack† after recess. Since it’s the first dayRead MoreThe First Day Of School825 Words   |  4 Pagesfoggy Thursday morning, I was up earlier than normal for the first day of school. Hardly any sleep was received throughout the night as the excitement for the next day sat in. The hallway was dark as I made my way to the kitchen. Within the next hour, my life would change drastically. The first day of school can always be problematic. However, the first day of high school is especially hard. Youthful children are always looking up to high school students. They seem like they are so old and mature. ItRead MoreThe First Day Of School Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesThe first day of school has the major influence on the way an individual will eventually turn out in the future. Many actions have occurred in my life long ago; some fail to recall, and some I still clearly remember. I was going into my first school in America. I had moved from Kenya a long distance from the USA in order to link with my family, who had been here for almost 4 years, expecting America would help my future. My father told me It would be better if I go to school here, so I registeredRead MoreThe First Day Of School1013 Words   |  5 PagesThe first day of school has the major influence on the way an individual will eventually turn out in the future. Many actions have occurred in my life long ago, some fail to recall, and some I still clearly remember. I was going into my first school in America. I had moved from Kenya, a long distance from the USA in order to link with my family, who had been here for almost 4 years, expecting America would help my future. My father told me It would be better if I go to school here, so I registeredRead MoreThe First Day Of School1000 Wo rds   |  4 PagesIt s the first day of school. Finally here, after the long, hot, steamy days of summer. Its finally time to settle down and focus on my studies. When I woke up early I jumped out of the bed. I opened the blinds and sprinted my way to the bathroom. Normally I would not be so ecstatic for school, but it s something about this year that really makes me ready. As I went in the bathroom, I noticed it was still dark outside. It was 6:00 in the morning. I should have not gotten up that early. But I dismissedRead MoreThe First Day Of School994 Words   |  4 PagesHigh school and even history 1 because the way my teachers used to teach me I always found it boring. Now that I am in this class all of the sudden history became more interesting because the teacher used our everyday environment, she used the events that were currently happening and tried to tie it back to the old time. As we started on the first day of school I did not think I would learn so much in such a little amount of time. For example , I did not know that the people that make school booksRead MoreThe First Day Of School946 Words   |  4 Pages On the first day of school I was in a class full of students. Oh, I hated my first day of classes very much because I could not handle the thought of having to introduce myself to everyone especially with the problem I had. I sat there nervously as I observed the others confidently and happily introducing them self to the audience. I just had the urge to slip under my chair and just hide there until I could escape my turn. Unfortunately, I could not avoid my turn and ended up introducing myselfRead MoreMy First Day At School837 Words   |  4 Pagesand could open my eyes fully. I hear my mom yell get up it’s your first day of school. I Got up took a shower, got dressed, ate my breakfast, and I was out the door on my way to school. I live in Ohio where it usually rains a lot and today it was a very sunny beautiful day. I got to school. It was my first day of middle school. I was very excited. This day was gonna be a great one. I didn’t know were my first class but I knew my first period class was with Andrew a good friend of mine who I have knownRead MoreMy First Day Of School1682 Words   |  7 Pagesyour day off with a two mile walk in the heat. Finally, you get to the small, one room schoolhouse, and it has no air conditioning. Everyone around you is so much taller than you, meaning they are probably a lot older than you as well. The teacher looks at you and tells you to take a seat, but all you want to do is turn around and be anywhere else but there. Seems a little scary, right? Well this is how my grandma’s first day of school went. This is nothing like a typical first day of school for kidsRead MoreMy First Day Of School838 Words   |  4 PagesIt was sunny Monday morning, soon to be my first day of school. I remember having a mild anxiety. I found myself swept away by fear as I approach the main entrance. The thought of leaving my home to acquire education seemed like nonsense for my 4 years old self. Since it was my first day of school my parents had to stay with me to make me comfortable. Being nervous, I passed through the main entrance. I saw a couple of kids playing with their small trucks in the playground and others were running

Sex Industry Free Essays

The term sex industry refers to the people and organizations that provide sexual products, services, or performances in exchange for monetary compensation. The term encompasses a variety of enterprises, including print, video, and Internet pornography, prostitution, phone sex operations, sex shops, massage parlors, and strip clubs. Those employed in the sex industry are typically known as sex workers and might include street prostitutes, call girls, escorts, strippers, exotic dancers, phone sex operators, brothel workers, erotic masseuses, and actors/actresses in pornographic films. We will write a custom essay sample on Sex Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sex industry also includes the managers, staff, owners, producers, directors, photographers, pimps, madams, businesses, organizations, and enterprises that provide the infrastructure and support necessary to this multi-billion-dollar industry. As a male my outlook on the sex industry will be much different than if I were a female, due to the profession or the lack there of, being 80% female according to The Spot Light on the Sex Industry by Patrick McDonald. In today’s society it is still considered immoral and illegal in most places to participate in the sex trade, although it has been around for hundreds of years. Contrary to the ugly stereotypes of prostitutes as fallen women, dope addicts, or disease carriers,* sex workers are women at work supporting children as single parents, trying to save money to go to school, surviving economically in a job market that underpays women at every economic level. Because of the nature of the sex industry, in which many enterprises are illegal or only semi- legitimate and in which much earnings and activity goes unreported, estimates of the scope of the industry are necessarily flawed. Nonetheless, all available data suggest that the sex industry plays a very significant role in the U. S. economy, as in other countries. Since the rise of video recording technology and home videocassette players in the early 1980s, the consumption of hard-core pornographic videos in the United States has increased dramatically. A federal study in the 1970s estimated that the total value of hard-core porn in the United States was under $10 million; by 1996 estimates indicated Americans were spending more than $8 billion per year on pornographic videos and magazines, sex shows, peep shows, and sex toys (Schlosser 1997). This figure included 665 million hardcore video rentals, $150 million spent on pay-per-view adult movies, and $175 million on pornographic movies viewed in hotel rooms. How to cite Sex Industry, Essay examples

Wordsworth and the French Revolution Essay Example

Wordsworth and the French Revolution Essay The Prelude is considered by many as a valley that readers mine for its richness in poetic message. That fact was already proven by the popularity and attention that The Prelude has gained over time. The richness of the text poses a problem for anyone who would try to unearth the author’s intentions. To know the author’s exact intentions is really a great undertaking. We can know Wordworth’s intentions only if he himself will reveal it to the public. But the great William Wordsworth is poet. There is a better chance for us telling him to kill himself than to reveal explicitly his intentions. As many great artists say, explicitness is proven dangerous to any form of art. I humbly admit that I can’t supply the genuine intentions of William Wordsworth. What I can give are interpretations of the text The Prelude. According to my reading, the dominant topic and a possible intention of The Prelude’s French Revolution sections could be the poet’s disappointments and frustrations about the French Revolution. He became frustrated and disappointed about the collapse of the revolution because he was an active partisan of the revolution. In fact he was so fond of the ideals of revolutions. Wordsworth expressed his amazement at the revolution through poetry: â€Å"how bright a face when joy of one, is joy of tens of millions.† (Wordsworth) There are several ideologies that we can unearth from the text. Probably the most dominant ideology is the idea of being revolutionary. These were revolutionary ideas like what Marxist and anti-capitalists have. As Wordsworth says it, â€Å"man free, man working for himself, with a choice of time, place, and object.† (Wordsworth) Wordsworth time was full of depression and asked for radical change in the society. In a sense, the back story of how the long poem The Prelude originated is not only a mere vanity to express one’s oozing talent and creativity. The Prelude is more of a coping mechanism, a poet’s reaction to what is happening around him. Wordsworth had transformed everything he felt about the revolution through flowing verses and metaphors. We will write a custom essay sample on Wordsworth and the French Revolution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wordsworth and the French Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wordsworth and the French Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Setting aside the ideologies regarding the revolution, The Prelude was also a celebration of nature. It even appears that William Wordsworth makes Nature speak for all its beauty and glory. William Wordsworth had said himself that his heart leaps when he beholds a rainbow in the sky. (Wordsworth) 2) Ironically, the other ideology that is prevalent in poems of Wordsworth is surprisingly antirevolutionary. We can also call this antievolution as conservatism. The poet William Wordsworth was obviously amazed by the promises that the revolution brings, but as a poet who has a profound and critical mind, he was also aware of the excesses of the revolution. Wordsworth had this shift of political opinion at the same time as most people in Europe had changed their position about the revolution. (Johnston) Wordsworth was one of the first to promote conservative sentiments as a form of expression. This was such a radical shift of position because he was also known to be one of the first to support the revolution. But then something came to Wordsworth. It something they called disillusionment. From being ideal to being practical, Wordsworth has withdrawn his support for the revolution. He and his fellow English poet Coleridge had given their support of to the conservative traditional Monarchy and the Church of England. (Barrio) William Wordsworth is known to be always fond of nature. When I said nature I didn’t mean Mother Nature, birds and trees. No. William Wordsworth was always fond of his surroundings and everything that happens within it. That characteristic is very understandable for a poet like Wordsworth. That is because poets develop a certain sensibility that is beyond the reaches of the non-poet. The poets’ attention could be easily caught by the little things that are happening around him. It just so happens that Wordsworth was amidst something grand. The revolution has amazed the young poet. That amazement had triggered in Wordsworth’s mind a deluge of creative inspiration, thus long poem The Prelude. 3) His fondness of nature is really admirable. He is certainly what we can call a poet above the average poet. I really agree with William Wordsworth’s fascination with nature. He simply tells us that there is so much to appreciate in our surroundings. For me, it is really inspirational that he had transformed the depression that he witnesses in his surroundings into the beautiful poems that he had written. William Wordsworth’s fascination with nature reminded me that there is really something divine with nature. The divine element that nature posses is what fuels talented artists to make divine, pure, and beautiful works of art. I guess I really don’t have anything against Wordsworth when it comes to the topic of nature. But I strongly disagree with his shift of political opinion. He turned from pro-revolution into the ideals of conservatism. I guess he had his own personal reasons for that decision. What I don’t like is that he has shunned away from what he believed in. It just means that as a person, he lacks faith in what he believes in. It is actually quite contradictory as the word faith literally means something that can’t be shaken or stripped from an individual. For me, when Wordsworth had shifted his political opinion about the revolution, he appeared to me as more of a politician than a poet. 4) I agree with all the artists who had expresses their political opinions through art. It is just logical that artists will utilize the capability of art to captivate people from all walks of life. There is really something which is unexplainable that happens when political opinions are presented to the masses in two different styles: artistic and the formal. The formal presentation that I’m talking about is done through newspapers and formal political speeches. The artistic is done through literature, music, visual arts, or art in general. I really am more in favor of using art as a vehicle for political opinions. This fact is already proven throughout human history by revolutionary poets like Pablo Neruda, like William Wordsworth. The poems of revolutionary poets have the potential to ignite an explosive revolution. Words alone won’t call the attention of the masses. They have to be words that are charged with the desire for a better living condition for all humanity. Also, if an exchange of political opinions were to happen in a formal manner, it would certainly be a debate that could lead to disputes, as we see them on television. I think art would save us by lessening the political chaos around us by expressing opinions in an artful manner. Here is a poem that a present-day artist has done to express his political opinion. The poem was done by an unknown poet in response to the upcoming presidential election. I just picked this up from some blog of sorts. That just signifies that this poem was done and presented in an informal manner. Maybe because the author may have wanted to communicate his message more. It could also be that the author wanted not to bore his audience with his expression of selfish political opinions. The author resorted to the proven formula. He had recognized the power of art to influence a large part of the society. I think this is because art is like the real universal language that the whole world could understand. I think people in politics are more difficult to understand than the complex mind of artists. People in politics are fond of speaking in a manner that the public can’t understand. They throw in complicated technical terms here and there. It’s like they find it hard to co mmunicate with the public. But we all know that there are certain issues that should be clear to all sides of the society. These are the issues that decide the fate of the whole of society. The decision should be made by the public, not politicians, if we are to arrive in an agreeable decision. Elections have always been full of controversy. All of the country is watching closely to everything happening in the election like it is some sort of television series. This issue had been heard by virtually all of the United States. I find it a good thing that someone had voiced out an opinion and many have listened. It means Americans still cared for America and everything that is happening within it. The poem also gave this certain individual a more powerful voice regarding the issue, more than his mere his mark in polls and surveys. Aesthetically speaking, I really don’t find this poem as beautiful. I guess each and everyone of us have our own aesthetic preferences. I find the words of this poem weak. The line cutting is also, for me, nonsensical. As a reader, it occurred to me that the author of this poem didn’t plan the construction of this poem. Then it hit me. That could be exactly the point of the poem. The author may have wanted to communicate to us this is the time to make a move, that there is no more time for planning but for action. America needs no more formulation of what to do. What the country needs is action. The poem may have wanted to tell us that now is the time for us to act and speak out our opinions about what is happening in America. This poem may have reached a lot people through the internet. Ergo, a lot people may have heard of the message that the author wanted to impart. This just proves that poetry’s capability to influence people is still there. Poetry still has the power to make people listen. This proves that art will always be important even in today’s modern world of technologies. Vote America By Jared Hael Plata Another day, Another face, A white Black or white, Man or the empowered woman, Democrat or not, What is important Is what we already know But yet to learn from, We must vote Because we simply must Vote, Is what we already know And now America will learn What change could happen If we just let our voices be heard Like a song Calling for a better world (Plata) Works Cited Plata, Jared Hael. 1 March 2008. http://myangerisagift.blogspot.com/2008/02/election.html Barrio, Carlos. Conservatism. 1 March 2008 http://html.rincondelvago.com/conservatism.html Johnston, Kenneth R.   Wordsworth and The Recluse. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1984 Wordsworth, William. The Prelude: an Autobiographical Poem. Michigan: D. Appleton. 1850.

Free Essays on Desirees Baby

â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† by Kate Chopin In her short story, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† Kate Chopin uses irony and symbolism to enhance the story, and convey a surprise ending. In the beginning of the story, Madam Valmonde is on her way to visit her daughter and new born grandson, when she flashes back to the day her husband, Monsieur, found little Desiree â€Å"lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar.† The unknown origin of Desiree is a major question throughout her life and throughout the story. Eighteen years after her initial discovery, Desiree is again under the same pillar when Armand Aubigny sees her and instantly falls in love â€Å"as if struck by a pistol shot,† (182). In both times using the stone pillar as the place where Desiree is found, the reader becomes aware that this place is a continuing factor in Desiree’s true identity. L’Abri, was a dark and solemn place, where, since the rule of Armand had been so strict, the slaves were no longer gay as the once were during the elder Aubigny’s rule (183). Desiree is described as wearing â€Å"soft white muslins and laces,† creating a conflicting image of life at L’Abri (183). While the outside of the house is dark, the inside is almost lit up from Desiree’s presence, showing the impact she has had on life at L’Abri. Desiree says that she is so happy that it â€Å"frightens† her, another indication that things at L’Abri may not be all well (183). After three months, it becomes evident that the baby is not white, but black, which Armand blames Desiree for because of her suspicious origins. When Desiree leaves the plantation to return to her mother’s, at Armand’s request, she did not take a well worn path, symbolizing her struggle. Instead, she cut through a field where the â€Å"stubble bruised her tender feet . . . and tore her thin gown to shreds.† The torn gown represents her shattered home and marriage, the complete opposite of what the gown stood for ... Free Essays on Desiree's Baby Free Essays on Desiree's Baby â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† by Kate Chopin In her short story, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby,† Kate Chopin uses irony and symbolism to enhance the story, and convey a surprise ending. In the beginning of the story, Madam Valmonde is on her way to visit her daughter and new born grandson, when she flashes back to the day her husband, Monsieur, found little Desiree â€Å"lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar.† The unknown origin of Desiree is a major question throughout her life and throughout the story. Eighteen years after her initial discovery, Desiree is again under the same pillar when Armand Aubigny sees her and instantly falls in love â€Å"as if struck by a pistol shot,† (182). In both times using the stone pillar as the place where Desiree is found, the reader becomes aware that this place is a continuing factor in Desiree’s true identity. L’Abri, was a dark and solemn place, where, since the rule of Armand had been so strict, the slaves were no longer gay as the once were during the elder Aubigny’s rule (183). Desiree is described as wearing â€Å"soft white muslins and laces,† creating a conflicting image of life at L’Abri (183). While the outside of the house is dark, the inside is almost lit up from Desiree’s presence, showing the impact she has had on life at L’Abri. Desiree says that she is so happy that it â€Å"frightens† her, another indication that things at L’Abri may not be all well (183). After three months, it becomes evident that the baby is not white, but black, which Armand blames Desiree for because of her suspicious origins. When Desiree leaves the plantation to return to her mother’s, at Armand’s request, she did not take a well worn path, symbolizing her struggle. Instead, she cut through a field where the â€Å"stubble bruised her tender feet . . . and tore her thin gown to shreds.† The torn gown represents her shattered home and marriage, the complete opposite of what the gown stood for ... Free Essays on Desiree's Baby â€Å"Desiree’s Baby†: A Case of Embarrassment or Something Deeper? What is it exactly that caused Armand to cast his wife, Desiree, and their child aside? Disappointment, shame, and a deep sense of bitterness factored into his actions. The child was a symbol of his masculinity and a legitimate heir to his family name. When you factor in the accumulative sense of betrayal he must have felt towards Desiree and her supposed lack of pure blood, his actions are justified. Despite all other feelings one could possess in such a predicament, embarrassment was the overlying element. The shock and horror Armand endured upon finding out his child is not worthy of his family’s name or position in life was nothing short of overwhelming. â€Å"He no longer loved her, because of the unconscious injury she had brought upon his home and his name.† (180) Now imagine Armand’s embarrassment at finding out that he is the one who caused his child to become a social pariah. Imagine the embarrassment when he discovered he was living a lie. Armand’s embarrassment and his deep seeded resentment of the entire situation caused him to act impetuously, to the point that he allowed Desiree and their child to leave, burned their belongings, removing every trace of them from his life. Armand fell in love with Desiree despite her being a foundling with no familial ties. He proclaimed her lineage did not matter, in fact, â€Å"what did it matter about a name when he could give her one of the oldest and proudest in Louisiana† (178). Once she conceived their child, neither one of them gave any thought to the fact that their child would be anything other than of pure blood. With no knowledge that Armand was the carrier of this â€Å"disease†, they still delivered a child, which would later become his greatest embarrassment. This child was theirs, and neither one of them was black in any visible way. His subsequent disappointment in his offspring and wife fue... Free Essays on Desiree's Baby In the story â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† there are many underlying connotations, which make the analyzing of the story somewhat difficult. These connotations are what make the story interesting and enjoyable to read. One could argue that love and lust played a large roll in this story. Also it would be easy to say that Desiree was not loved but lusted after throughout the story. It is very apparent to me that Desiree’s husband did not love her as much as should have. It would also be justifiable to say that his relationship with her was purely based on his love for her body and not her mind. The story tells us that when he fell in love with her, it was similar to a prairie fire or an avalanche. Both a prairie fire and an avalanche start from the smallest thing and grow into a fierce power. But both the prairie fire and the avalanche only last for a small amount of time. If his love for her is being compared to both of these, then it was not true love, for love truly cannot be measured. The description of Armand Valmonde led me to think that he was a very stern man whose beliefs and morals overpowered his ability to think reasonably. I believe that the most important thing in his life was the purity of his family name. It seemed that he was raised to be someone of importance, raised to be the distinguished gentlemen or even raised to be royalty. Armand was a slave owner and was raised in a time when it was thought that black people were inferior to white people, so there is definitely a sense of racism in the story. Racism played a role in the story but its role is mainly to apply irony to story in the end. If the reader was disgusted with Armand, the ironic racism adds a twist at the end of the story which is quite enjoyable. Racism and love are two clashing tones in the story also because, if you have one you cannot have the other. This is another one of my points. If Armand truly loved Desiree, then it would not matter if...

How to Use Sentence Connectors to Show Contrast

How to Use Sentence Connectors to Show Contrast Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want to express yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to express relationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors will add sophistication to your writing style. After you study these constructions, take the  contrasting ideas quiz  to check your understanding. Common Connectors for Contrast Type of Connector Connector(s) Examples Coordinating conjunction but High level positions are stressful at times, but the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. Subordinating conjunctions whereas, while While high level positions are stressful at times, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. Conjunctive adverbs in contrast, on the other hand High level positions are stressful at times; on the other hand, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. Prepositions unlike Unlike the undesirable stress of high level positions, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. Common Constructions for Contrast Formula Example Explanation the main statement, but contrasting statement Id really like to come to the film, but I have to study tonight. Use a comma or semicolon (;) with but. But is the most common way to show contrasting ideas. the main statement, in spite of contrasting statement OR in spite of contrasting statement, main statement They continued on their journey, in spite of the pouring rain. Use in spite of plus a noun, noun phrase or gerund the main statement, despite contrasting statement OR Despite the contrasting statement, main statement They continued on their journey, despite the pouring rain. Use despite plus a noun, noun phrase or gerund the main statement, although contrasting statement OR Although contrasting statement, main statement We wanted to buy a sports car, although we knew that fast cars can be dangerous. Use although with a subject and a verb. Learn More About Sentence Connectors Sentence Connectors: AdditionSentence Connectors: OppositionSentence Connectors: Cause / EffectSentence Connectors: Comparison

Himan Rights Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Himan Rights Law - Coursework Example It is evident from the study that people in the United Kingdom have enjoyed a lot of individual freedoms and liberties which usually fall into conflict with so many other laws. Consequently, the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) was drafted in 1950,to integrate these liberties. However, it was not until the year 2000 that the convention rights were adopted in the United Kingdom through the Human Rights Act. In order to use the convention rights, one had to take a case to the European Courts on Human Rights in Strasbourg. This was extremely expensive to citizens and was also extremely time-consuming. The 1997 white paper â€Å"Rights Brought Home† rightly states that: It takes on average five years, to bring a case into the European Court of Human Rights once all domestic remedies have been exhausted; and it costs an average of  £30,000. Bringing these rights home will mean that the British people will be able to fight for their rights in the British courts – without this undue delay and expense. One of the most critical functions is to ensure that, at all times, there is compatibility with the laws as stipulated by the Convention Rights. The Act gives individuals a complete description and summary of the freedoms and liberties that they are supposed to enjoy as citizens. It ensures that everyone’s rights are respected also, just as ECHR does. The Act also goes ahead do state that rights come with responsibility too. This means that there are cases and situations when these rights may need to be limited, such cases being when crime and public health need to be addressed. Apart from protecting the rights of individuals, the Human Rights Act also requires courts of law to obey the laws that Parliament passes. Courts are only allowed to interpret the laws as is, without altering them in any way whatsoever. Nevertheless, the Act allows higher courts the power to determine that a given order cannot be put into use for the sole reason t hat the law contravenes the rights described in the Convention. When this happens, congress is required to amend the various section of that law before it is set to use again6. Since the Human Rights Act was enacted, courts are now obliged to look at The Convention Rights at all times when deciding how cases should go. This is a tremendouslylarge shift from the way things used to be before. Convention rights were looked at only when the UK laws were not clear. Part 2: How does the HRA work? The Act requires all courts and tribunals to interpret laws and effectively put them into use in ways that are compatible to the Convention rights. Rightly so, when this is impossible, a court may revoke or, subordinate legislation or, if it is a higher court, make a declaration of incompatibility. This allows for the amendment of the law to make it in line with

Compare how the wellness understood in 2 different country(west or Essay

Compare how the wellness understood in 2 different country(west or east) - Essay Example However, the United States of America’s national wellness association has defined wellness as â€Å"an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence† (Walters, VI) The physical well being of individuals encompasses all the physical and psychological process exhibited by individuals and demands the input of energy by the individual. This includes the physiological process as well as the well being of the individual in terms of lack of disabilities. This is understood in the same perspective in which the two nations put more emphasis on the absence of the diseases and the general health of individuals. People with diseases are perceived not to be healthy and hence are looked at in a different view. The physical well being of individuals therefore depends much on the ability of the government to put infrastructures that are mainly meant to improve on the health status of the people. However, for the Romans sex plays an important role in determining an individual wellness and health as a whole. As documented in the writings of Foucault (157), Pleasure that was derived from the ancient practices played an important part in individuals living long lives. However to the Eastern nations like Pakistan sex is looked at a taboo especially sex before marriage and hence an individuals could be disowned by the society. The social element of wellness includes the activities that are mainly directed towards the understanding of the social relationships (Marsela, 142). This includes the communication and interaction activities that are meant in nurturing such relationships. Nurtured relationship does not only begin at the older age within the communities but begin at an early age since it influences the personality and moral behaviors of individuals in the future. With regard to the social well being of the people, the nations to the east such as Pakistan have placed more emphasis on women. For the western nations, richn ess is important and determines an individual’s wellness and respect from the society. Sex, marriage and the general respect to the women is vital component of the social well being in the Pakistan community. Sex before marriage is therefore viewed as loss of social well being of an individual and for the women it can cost dearly. In other words issues of marriage and the sex before marriage define the wellness of an individual in the society. This is different in the Romans in which the social wellbeing is defined by the ability of the people to interact freely without restrictions. Unlike in Pakistan, it does not put more weight on social wellness with regard to the marriage or sex before marriage. In the Romans, wellness is not just a mere absence of disease but it encompasses even more aspects of the well being such as the self assessment. In this context, it is different from health since health is a subjective term while wellness is more of objective. The argument here is that health can be defined as the absence of disease and can therefore be measured and tested with the scientific methods to ascertain the healthy standard of an individual. The determination by the physician through the laboratory methods is enough to assert that an individual is free from disease and hence is healthy. On the other hand, wellness is different. It is more of subjective attribute of human life and hence difficult to measure. Self assessment and

Animal Farm, by George Orwell :: Animal Farm Essays

Animal Farm was written by George Orwell and published in 1946. This story is about the Manor Farm in England, around the time of the Russian revolution. The animals on this farm started their own revolution because they were so irritated with the way they were being treated. At the beginning of the story, the Old Major calls a meeting in the barn and speaks about Rebellion and Animalism. Shortly after that the Old Major died’s and then the rebellion starts to take place. Mr. Jones is like a bad guy to the Animals. Napoleon to is also another major villain. But after Jones is gone, all of his tools are burned, and now its time for the animals to take a look around the farmhouse. The name Manor Farm is changed to Animal Farm and the Seven Commandments are established. They then start to begin the hay harvest. During the hay harvest Boxer says, â€Å"I will work harder† as his personal motto. The harvest turned out to be a success. At this point the pigs are now beginning to abuse their power. Pretty soon the pigeons are sent to spread the word of the rebellion to other animals. And Mr. Jones tries to recapture the farm in the Battle of the Cowshed. Mr. Jones was unable to defeat the animals, therefore the animals got a boost of confidence. Now at this point Mollie runs away and Snowball begins his plans for a windmill. When Snowball’s plans are finished, Napoleon’s dog’s start to chase him off the farm. The farm just lost the best leader they could have had. They loose their chance to give input on what direction the farm should go, and Napoleon begings blaming Snowball for all the things that he did not do. Now Napoleon sets the animals to work on Sundays again and acquires Mr. Whymper as the farm’s broker. Napoleon starts to sell some of the farm’s produce. And the pigs start sleeping one hour later, and in beds. Then the windmill gets blown over and Snowball gets the blame. At this point the pigs still continue to abuse the power and stealing from the other animals. Napoleon stops making appearances to the other animals and makes a deal with Mr. Whymper to sell 400 eggs a week. Napoleon also gets some animals to confess of wrong doings and then â€Å"makes examples of them,† by killing them.

Review of the Amazing Spider-Man Movie

The Amazing Spider-Man Review I have always enjoyed action films. I would state that this fact does make me somewhat biased for this review. Fictional characters that are super heroes only made them better for me. I went into this movie knowing it was going to be one that I would enjoy. This year has had a few different super hero films such as The Avengers and The Dark Knight Rises. The Avengers released May 4th, 2012, was a box office hit, topping the charts for weeks. The Amazing Spider-Man was released just two months afterward on July 3rd.The super hero fan world was still in awe with The Avengers, myself included. I still wanted to watch The Amazing Spider-Man because I love super heroes. I give this movie 4. 5 stars out of 5 stars. I just did not think Sony could top The Avengers. Both films far exceeded the expectations I had built up for them. The Amazing Spider-Man will never measure up to the sheer scale and epic action of The Avengers, but it was still an action packed fi lm. The plot for The Amazing Spider-Man is a different sort of story altogether from that of The Avengers.The Amazing Spider-Man movie is not trying to tell a different story than Sony’s previous expedition into the Spider-Man realm, just simply a different spin on the story. The biggest question I asked myself was will the new story stand up against the previous trilogy. It is the story of Peter Parker, an average, though brilliant, teen trying to make it through high school. Peter’s father, with his secretive work, caused both of his parents to disappear one night, leaving him with his aunt and uncle to be an orphan of sorts.He has since grown up, but he unexpectedly begins uncovering clues about his father and his work. This chance discovery of his dads’ old research into cross-species genetics sends Peter searching for clues at Oscorp, his father’s old employer. There, while he is snooping around, he accidentally comes into contact with a genetically engineered spider. Peters’ high school crush, Gwen Stacy interns alongside the brilliant, but disabled Curt Connors, who was his father’s closest associate before he disappeared. That introduction to Dr.Connors results in Connors and young Parker bonding over scientific theory. Peter hands over parts of his father’s work that was thought to be lost. From there the experiments Dr. Connors has been working on are able to work, creating formulas and serums that allow rats to regrow their limbs. Things quickly spiral out of control. The doctor finds himself opposite Spider-Man before too long. In the middle of this conflict, there is a budding romance between Peter and the girl he has secretly admired for years. Andrew Garfield plays a fairly different Peter Parker than Tobey Maguire did.Despite being rather good-looking and decently dressed, he is more socially awkward, has zero friends and is more inept around girls than Tobey’s was. It feels more in line w ith what I believe Peter Parker was like from the comics, although perhaps a bit more modern-day. The bottom line is that it just works. Peter is much more likable and feels much more fleshed out. It is not that Tobey Maguire’s Peter Parker was not executed well, it was. In the previous releases the story and characters in Raimi’s original three movies were all so idyllic.Everyone, in his movies, was a good person and no one made mistakes. The emotional tone and serious nature of the story is not quite driven down your throat as much in this film, thanks in large part to the humor sprinkled liberally throughout the film. The drama comes from the Lizard, as he is known in the comics. The creature is at least eight to nine feet tall, with massive, retractable, razor-sharp claws, seemingly unlimited strength and a powerful prehensile tail. Spider-Man fights it three or four times through the film, using his agility, speed and powerful webbing to full advantage. And he nee ds to.The Lizard is absolutely fearsome, cold-blooded, and terrifying. The Lizard is much more monster than super villain and the critical injuries constantly inflicted upon Peter made me wonder if this film should have been rated higher than PG-13. The action is very tense due to the violent nature of the villain, but that simply moves the plot line along. A lot of things help tell the story in this version, especially the budding romance between Parker and Gwen Stacy. His original girlfriend from the comics is cast as a very genuine teenager and becomes very likable when played by the talented Emma Stone.Gwen is an intern that works directly with Dr. Connors, further complicating the already intricate web of relationships in the story. Her family, only briefly shown are not very memorable, with special exception to her father, the Chief of Police. Dennis Leary, in this role, plays a dry, sarcastic, impatient man to perfection here, as he hunts down Spider-Man to stop his string of vigilante crimes. Martin Sheen and Sally Field embody the loving, caring, wise Uncle Ben and Aunt May, respectively. This movie gives them both much more vitality and character than in the original series.Putting life into the movie took on an entirely different view with the special effects being among the best you can see in such a film. Notable praise goes to the film’s 3-D work. This is one of three films, the other two being Avatar and Prometheus, to be filmed in and then released in 3-D, rather than filmed in 2-D and converted to 3-D. The CGI (computer-generated imagery) characters are animated brilliantly and move like they were alive. Spider-Man succeeds in hitting all of those strange poses that are his signature moves on the flashy covers of his comics.It helps add more â€Å"comic authenticity† that Garfield himself is very tall, nimble and lanky. All traits I think Maguire does not really possess, being a little shorter in stature and a bit more ripped and bulky. If the film falls short in one category, it is the soundtrack, which I thought was serviceable, but not very memorable. All together it was better thought out film with more insight into Peter’s motivation and his turmoil. Gone are the nerdy narrations from Tobey Maguire. Gone are the idyllic people populating the original franchise.Raimi’s Spider-Man bounced headlong into danger from the get-go to save the innocent and protect those who could not protect themselves. Webb’s Spider-Man is not trying to save anyone so much as get revenge, until the point where he decides to save a boy trapped in a burning car. His actions and heroics from then on, speak more volumes than the original three films combined. Peter feels responsible for protecting people because he both chooses to be and because has to be. That is what a super hero is made of. Therefore I give this movie 4. 5 stars out of 5 stars.

Eng 221 Essay - 1978 Words

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Man of Greed and Power The Tragedy of Macbeth - 1089 Words

Ambition for great power leads to the downfall of Lady Macbeth and Macbeth. Contributing to the downfall and demise of Macbeth, three sinister witches plan to foil Macbeth through telling him prophecies of his future. But, through the freewill of Lady Macbeth and Macbeth they paved their own road to destruction. Lady Macbeth is a woman who is not mentally strong enough to commit a murder but is mentally capable of persuading someone into committing the crime for her. Macbeth is gullible at first judgment, but soon became a man on a murderous rampage to keep his title as king of Scotland. Starting with murdering King Duncan to Birnam Wood advancing to Dunsinane, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth initiate Macbeth’s downfall. Starting with the†¦show more content†¦She proves that she can be the mastermind behind a plan but cannot do the dirty work herself. Following King Duncan’s death is the death of Banquo. â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none† (Shakespeare 1.3.67), says Witches to Banquo, reveals Banquo will not be king, but he will father the future kings of Scotland. Banquo accompanied Macbeth as they both received their prophecies from the witches. Macbeth, knowing Banquo knows the same information, soon plans to murder Banquo during his crowning. In scene one, act three of The Tragedy of Macbeth; Macbeth starts to make his own decisions as to what he should do to keep his title as King of Scotland. Soon Macbeth succumbs to evil and his inability to recover his lost innocence. He begins to care less about life itself, considering the fact he has already damned himself to hell by murdering King Duncan. Neither Macbeth nor Lady Macbeth can enjoy their time as ruler because of their evil doings. Macbeth soon takes matters into his own hands and goes to the furthest extent to keep his title. He approaches the witches with a demanding attitude commanding them to tell him more of his future. â€Å"How now, you secret, black, and midnight hags!/What is’t you do?† (Shakespeare 4.1.47-48), says Macbeth to Witches, symbolizes the shift in Macbeth’s attitude. It shows Macbeth has taken control in the decisions he makes as to approaching the Witches to learn more of his fate, and if possible tries toShow MoreRelated Shakespeares Macbeth does not Follow Aristotles Standards for a Tragedy1567 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth does not Follow Aristotles Standards for a Tragedy There have been many great tragic authors throughout history: Aeschylus, Euripides, and Sophocles from ancient Greece; Corneille and Hugo from France; Grillparzer and Schiller from Germany; and Marlowe, Webster, and Shakespeare from England. From this long list of men, Shakespeare is the most commonly known. Many Shakespearean critics agree that Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet are great tragedies. 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The play features many interesting scenes, references to the unknown, and several interesting characters. In 1998, a film was made from Sam Raimi based on a book of the same name, called A Simple Plan. Although the plots are not the same, characters and setting are very similar. The main idea of A Simple Plan illustrates important similarities to Macbeth. The characters have similar feelingsRead MoreTask: - Explain What Act 1 Scene 7 Tells Us About the Character of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. What Is Troubling Macbeth at the Beginning of the Scene and How Does Lady Macbeth Persuade Him to Go Through with the Murder of Duncan?1636 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare Task: - Explain what act 1 scene 7 tells us about the character of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. What is troubling Macbeth at the beginning of the scene and how does Lady Macbeth persuade him to go through with the murder of Duncan? My aim in this essay is to explain what Act 1, scene 7 tells us about the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, and what troubles does Macbeth come across and how does Lady Macbeth persuade him to murder King Duncan. The purpose that Shakespeare wrote actRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesmayhem to the stage. Macbeth is one of the greatest tragic characters ever to take the stage. Macbeths wrong doings and courageous acts makes the story exciting. Macbeth is an ambitious character who murders and betrays people for power and what he wants. With all of Macbeths courageous acts and greed it brought an abundance of tragedy and death throughout the story. Macbeth makes himself seem like a great noble man. He was a great battle hero but he let all the greed and power hungry part of him

Graduation Speech Millennials And College Debt

Delaney Johnson Ms. Mathis, 11 English III B May 28, 2016 Millennials and College Debt Everyone has a dream, and in America, when someone reaches the financial and ethical position they desire to achieve, it is referred to as reaching one’s American dream. For numerous amounts of people, the American dream involves life events such as finding a stable career or job, buying a house, getting married, having children, and nurturing a future generation. While an individual’s dream may differ from another’s, most people do not want to worry if they can afford the lifestyle they want to live. Unfortunately, a millennial’s American dream is especially hard to achieve in this day of age, due to the ravenous debt that lingers after they graduate from college. College debt, lack of jobs, and minimal buying power are all factors that contribute to the endeavor of a millennial’s delay in beginning an efficient form of independence. The amount of debt that American students are carrying after college graduation is incr easing at a rapid rate. A study conducted by The Institute for College Access Success resulted in the revelation that 70% of students graduate with a total amount of $28,950 in college debt, which is an increase by 2% since 2013. Shockingly, student college debt had reached 1 trillion by 2012, as well as surpassing credit card and auto loan debt. Why exactly is debt going up as time continues? Well, college tuition is slowly but surelyShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesNarcissist? 132 Myth or Science? Personality Predicts the Performance of Entrepreneurs 142 glOBalization! The Right Personality for a Global Workplace 143 An Ethical Choice Should You Try to Change Someone’s Personality? 147 Point/Counterpoint Millennials Are More Narcissistic 155 Questions for Review 156 Experiential Exercise What Organizational Culture Do You Prefer? 156 Ethical Dilemma Freedom or Lack of Commitment? 156 Case Incident 1 Is There a Price for Being Too Nice? 157 Case Incident 2

Influence of Religion on African Culture Free Essays

string(33) " in traditional African culture\." Africa is a continent of diversity. In this diversity there are hundreds of tribes and communities each practicing its own culture and religion. It would be very difficult to define Africa’s traditional religion as it would be difficult to define its culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Religion on African Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now More so, it is extremely difficult to establish the dividing line between African Culture and African Religion. However, as much as there were many African Traditional Religions, their similarities were more dominant than their differences. We take up these similarities and encompass them as one African Traditional Religion. In this report, we explore the important aspects of Africa’s Traditional Religions and cultures that cut across the entire continent. This essay is based on various researches done by prominent scholars, historical background of Africa, news and books relevant to African studies. This report attempts to define religion, culture, and explores the major religions, African Traditional Religion (ATR), Christianity and Islam and their influence and impact on African culture. Africa is one of the World’s six continents. It is the second largest and second most populous continent after Asia. Other continents include; Asia, America-North, America-South, Australia, Europe. Geologically, Present-day Africa, occupying one-fifth of Earth’s land surface, is the central remnant of the ancient southern supercontinent called Gondwanaland, a landmass once made up of South America, Australia, Antarctica, India, and Africa. This massive supercontinent broke apart between 195 million and 135 million years ago, cleaved by the same geological forces that continue to transform Earth’s crust today. At about 30. 2 million km? (11. 7 million sq  mi) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth’s total surface area and 20. % of the total land area. With 1. 0 billion people (as of 2009) in 61 territories, it accounts for about 14. 72% of the world’s human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent has 54 sovereign states, including Mad agascar, various island groups, and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, a member state of the African Union whose statehood is disputed by Morocco. Afri was the name of several Semitic peoples who dwelt in North Africa near Carthage (in modern Tunisia). Their name is usually connected with Phoenician afar, â€Å"dust†, but a 1981 hypothesis has asserted that it stems from a Berber word ifri or Ifran meaning â€Å"cave†, in reference to cave dwellers. Africa or Ifri or Afer is name of Banu Ifran from Algeria and Tripolitania (Berber Tribe of Yafran). Pre-colonial Africa possessed perhaps as many as 10,000 different states and polities characterised by many different sorts of political organisation and rule. These included small family groups of hunter-gatherers such as the San people of southern Africa; larger, more structured groups such as the family clan groupings of the Bantu-speaking people of central and southern Africa, heavily structured clan groups in the Horn of Africa, the large Sahelian kingdoms, and autonomous city-states and kingdoms such as those of the Akan, Yoruba and Igbo people (also misspelled as Ibo) in West Africa, and the Swahili coastal trading towns of East Africa. Religion originates from the Latin world religare (re: back, and ligare: to bind), and this brings up the world â€Å"being bound. † faith is usually the core element of religion. Faith encompasses â€Å"Value-center,† â€Å"trust,† â€Å"loyalty,† and â€Å"meaning†. It is difficult to define religion. A good definition of religion is one that expounds on the following key traits; Belief in something sacred (for example, gods or other supernatural beings), A distinction between sacred and profane objects, Ritual acts focused on sacred objects, A moral code believed to have a sacred or supernatural basis, characteristically religious feelings (awe, sense of mystery, sense of guilt, adoration), which tend to be aroused in the presence of sacred objects and during the practice of ritual, prayer and other forms of communication with the supernatural, world view, or a general picture of the world as a whole and the place of the individual therein. This picture contains some specification of an over-all purpose or point of the world and an indication of how the individual fits into it, a more or less total organization of one’s life based on the world view, A social group bound together by the above. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning â€Å"to cultivate †) is a term that has various meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of â€Å"culture† in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. However, the word â€Å"culture† is most commonly used in three basic senses: Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as culture, An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning and the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group. Culture has six core elements; politics, economics, ethics, aesthetics, kinship and religion. And out of these, religion â€Å"is by far the richest part of the African heritage. † It shapes their cultures, their social life, their politics, and their economics and is at the same time shaped by this same way of life. Some of the major religions that influenced African culture; African traditional religion, Christianity and Islam African Traditional Religion It is a unique religion whose sources include: sacred places and religious objects such as rocks, hills, mountains, trees, caves and other holy places; rituals, ceremonies and festivals of the people; art and symbols; music and dance; proverbs, riddles, and wise sayings; and names of people and places. Beliefs cover topics such as God, spirits, birth, death, the hereafter, magic, and witchcraft. Religion, in the African indigenous context, permeates all departments of life. Africa’s traditional religion is based on the Ubuntu philosophy, which is a Zulu word for human-ness, and was developed over many centuries in traditional African culture. You read "Influence of Religion on African Culture" in category "Papers" This culture was pre-literate, pre-scientific and pre-industrial. The concept of Ubuntu was originally expressed in the songs and stories, the customs and the institutions of the people. Another distinctive quality of the Ubuntu philosophy is the African emphasis on consensus. Indeed, the African traditional culture has, seemingly, an almost infinite capacity for the pursuit of consensus and reconciliation. Democracy in the African way does not simply boil down to majority rule since it operates in the form of discussions geared towards a consensus. Christianity The Christian religion was founded in what is today Israel and Palestine 2000 years ago at the beginning of the Common Era. Christianity is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, a Jewish teacher and prophet. Early Christians (followers of Christ) believed that Jesus was divine in that he was the son of God. Islam Islam is a religion that was founded by Prophet Mohammed. It geographic origin can be traced to the modern-day Saudi Arabia. Influences of Religion on African Culture Religion being one of the core components of culture has a great influence on culture. Every religion practiced in Africa today has had a profound effect on the African culture, be it the African Traditional Religion, Christianity or Islam. Christianity Influence on African Culture arrived in Africa in two groups. One important group was centered in Egypt and had influence throughout North Africa. This group was known as the Gnostics. One of the other major factions of the early Christianity was centered in Rome. This faction was very much influenced by the teachings of the Apostle Paul. This faction became prominent in the fourth century C. E. when the Roman Empire officially became Christian. Recognizing the importance of a sacred text in solidifying their control over Christianity, the Roman faction brought together a collection of writings by early Christians and proclaimed these writings were inspired by God and that they were the true testament of the life and teachings of Jesus. This collection is known as the New Testament and is a central part of the Christian Bible. However, in creating the New Testament the Roman faction rejected as heresy all other writings about Jesus’ life and teachings, including many books written by North African Gnostic Christians In spite of the repression of the Gnostic Christians by Roman Christians, Christianity continued to flourish throughout North Africa until the arrival of Islam in the seventh century C. E. The Christians in this area were known as Coptic Christians, named after the main language of the area. By the time of the arrival of Islam, the Coptic Orthodox Church had lost most of the Gnostic influence, although the Coptic faith, like the Gnostics placed a great deal of emphasis on contemplation and monasticism. In structure, it was similar to the Church of Rome in that it practiced the same sacraments, and the church structure was made up of priests and bishops. Like the Roman Church, the Coptic Orthodox Church is headed by a Patriarch (similar to the Pope in the Roman Church) who lives in Alexandria. Even after Egypt had been taken over by Arab Moslems, the Coptic Christians continued to form a small but important segment of Egyptian society. Indeed, Coptic Christians today comprise approximately fifteen per cent of the Egyptian population. Christianity was introduced in Nubia by Christian monks and traders in the fifth and sixth centuries C. E. By the seventh century, the rulers of Nubia and most Nubians had converted to Christianity. In practice and structure, the Nubian church was similar to the Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt. In June, 18, 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull ‘Dum Diversas’, granting King Alfonso V of Portugal the right to â€Å"attack, conquer, and subjugate Saracens, Pagans and other enemies of Christ wherever they may be found. † It gave title over all lands and possessions seized and permitted the Portuguese to take the inhabitants and consign them to perpetual slavery. Dum Diversas legitimised the colonial slave trade that begun around this time with the expeditions by Henry the Navigator to find a sea route to India, which were financed with African slaves. This approval of slavery was reaffirmed and extended in his Romanus Pontifex of 1455. The transatlantic trade in Africans was founded on Christianity. Religion was key in motivating Prince Henry of Portugal, later called Henry, â€Å"the Navigator† (1394-1460), to put in motion Europe’s aggressive and ruthless expeditions to Africa. Henry was not only the governor of Algrave Province, who managed a large economic infrastructure based on the unbridled grasp of enormous wealth from trans-Saharan commerce, but he was also the administrator of the Order of Christ, the Portuguese successor to the Knights Templar, a famous Western military order founded in the aftermath of the First Crusade at Clermont on November 27, 1095. As one of the best fighting units, the Soldiers of Christ prompted a series of striking maritime exploits, ensuring the safety of Europeans who made pilgrimages to Jerusalem. It is important to note that during this historical period, the feudal states of European countries were just beginning to unite and major religious wars were being fought between Christians and Muslims, especially the Moors in Morocco. Henry trained men to sail from Portugal, down the west coast of Africa in search of the limits to the Muslim world, in order to halt the Islamization of West Africa and to accelerate the spread of Christianity. In order to further God’s intentions for humankind, Ogbu Kalu contends that within the context of religious logic, papal bulls offered rights of patronage to Henry, authorizing him to appoint clerical orders for evangelization and to fend off competing European interests. According to Peter Russell, Henry the Navigator considered conversion and enslavement as interchangeable terms, experiencing no cognitive dissonance in using Christianity as a civilizing agent for making converts into slaves. In â€Å"Christianity: Missionaries in Africa,† Modupe Labode sums it up this way: The case of the Portuguese exemplifies the close relationship between Crown and Church. In the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), the pope recognized Portuguese claims to Africa. The Crown was also responsible for attempting to convert the indigenous people to Christianity. Much of the missionary effort over the next two and half centuries was conducted under Portuguese authority. The vast majority of the missionaries at this time were Roman Catholic priests, many of them belonged to religious orders such as the Jesuits, Capuchins, and Franciscans. Influence of Islam on African Culture led to the spread of Islam, from its heartland in the Middle East and North Africa to India and Southeast Asia, revealed the power of the religion and its commercial and sometimes military attributes. The spread of Islam across much of the northern third of Africa produced profound effects on both those who converted and those who resisted the new faith. Islamization also served to link Muslim Africa even more closely to the outside world through trade, religion, and politics. Trade and long-distance commerce, in fact, was carried out in many parts of the continent and linked regions beyond the orbit of Muslim penetration. Until about 1450, however, Islam provided the major external contact between sub-Saharan Africa and the world. State building took place in many areas of the continent under a variety of conditions. West Africa, for example, experienced both the cultural influence of Islam and its own internal dynamic of state building and civilization developments that produced, in some places, great artistic accomplishments. The existence of stateless societies and their transformation into states are a constant of African history even beyond 1500. As we have seen with Egypt, North Africa was also linked across the Sahara to the rest of Africa in many ways. With the rise of Islam, those ties became even closer. Between A. D. 640 and 700 the followers of Muhammad swept across North Africa from Suez to the Pillars of Hercules on Morocco’s Atlantic shore. By A. D. 670 Muslims ruled Tunisia, or Ifriqiya, what the Romans had called Africa. (The Arabs originally used this word as the name for eastern North Africa and Maghrib for lands to the West. ) By 711, Arab and Berber armies had crossed into Spain. In opposition to the states dominated by the Arabic rulers, the peoples of the desert, the Berbers, formed states of their own at places such as Fez in Morocco and at Sijilimasa, the old city of the trans-Saharan caravan trade. By the 11th century, under pressure from new Muslim invaders from the East, a great puritanical reformist movement, whose followers were called the Almoravids, grew among the desert Berbers of the western Sahara. Launched on the course of a jihad, a holy war waged to purify, spread, or protect the faith, the Almoravids moved southward against the African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain. Islam offered a number of attractions within Africa. Its fundamental teaching that all Muslims are equal within the community of believers made the acceptance of conquerors and new rulers easier. The Islamic tradition of uniting the powers of the state and religion in the person of the ruler or caliph appealed to some African kings as a way of reinforcing their authority. The concept that all members of the ummah, or community of believers, were equal put the newly converted Berbers and later Africans on an equal footing with the Arabs, at least in law. Despite these egalitarian and somewhat utopian ideas within Islam, practice differed considerably at local levels. Social stratification remained important in Islamicized societies and ethnic distinctions also divided the believers. The Muslim concept of a ruler who united civil and religious authority reinforced traditional ideas of kingship. It is also important to note that in Africa, as elsewhere in the world, the formation of states heightened social differences and made these societies more hierarchical. Africans had been enslaved by others before, and Nubian (African) slaves had been known in the classical world, but with the Muslim conquests of North Africa and commercial penetration to the south, slavery became a more widely diffused phenomenon, and a slave trade in Africans developed on a new scale. In theory, slavery was viewed by Muslims as a stage in the process of conversion – a way of preparing pagans to become Muslims – but in reality conversion did not guarantee freedom. Slaves in the Islamic world were used in a variety of occupations, such as domestic servants and laborers, but they were also used as soldiers and administrators who, having no local ties and affiliations, were considered to be dependent and thus trustworthy by their masters. Slaves were also used as eunuchs and concubines; thus the emphasis on women and children. The trade caravans from the Sahel across the Sahara often transported slaves as well as gold. Other slave-trade routes developed from the African interior to the east African coast. The tendency for the children of slave mothers to eventually be freed and integrated into Muslim society, while positive in one sense, also meant a constant demand for more slaves. Islam provided the residents of these towns a universal set of ethics and beliefs that made their maritime contacts easier; but in East Africa, as in the savanna kingdoms of West Africa, Islamization was slow to penetrate among the general population, and when it did, the result was often a compromise between indigenous ways and the new faith. By the thirteenth century, a string of urbanized trading ports sharing the common Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced Swahili language and other cultural traits – although governed by separate Muslim ruling families – had developed along the coast. Towns such as Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Pate, and Zanzibar eventually contained mosques, tombs, and palaces of cut stone and coral. Ivory, gold, iron, slaves, and exotic animals were exported from these ports in exchange for silks from Persia and porcelain from China for the ruling Muslim families. African culture remained strong throughout the area. Swahili language was essentially a Bantu language into which a large number of Arabic words were incorporated, though many of them were not incorporated until the 16th century. The language was written in an Arabic script sometime prior to the 13th century; the ruling families could also converse in Arabic. Islam itself penetrated very little into the interior among the hunters, pastoralists, and farmers. Even the areas of the coast near the trading towns remained relatively unaffected. In the towns, the stone and coral buildings of the Muslim elite were surrounded by mud and thatch houses of the non-Muslim common people, so that Islamization was to some extent class-based. Still, a culture developed that fused Islamic and traditional elements. Family lineage, for example, was traced both through the maternal line, which controlled property (the traditioral African practice), and through the paternal line, as was the Muslim custom. The enduring legacy of the influence of religion on African culture led to majority of Africans profess either Christian or Islamic faith. Considering that there lie a thin veneer between culture and religion, it is imperative that these two religions have fundamentally altered the African culture, if there exist any. These religions spread into Africa aboard various vehicles, including; slavery, colonialism, trade, education, among others. These religions emphasized a ruler-ship founded on a hierarchy focused on one centre of power, the imperial dictatorship. This was contrary to African culture that was less hierarchical and more collegiate, that emphasized on dialogue and consensus. It is this imperialist hierarchical structure that still causes chaos in Africa today. To a large extend most Africans remain colonized, whether politically, economically, religiously, culturally, spiritually or otherwise. A society that is still colonized is not a free society, it is a society wallowing deeply in the swampy marshes of slavery. Africa, the mother of humanity, as it stands now is one whose veil of religion and garment of culture has been torn. It is a mother whose dignity has been raped, and its young children defiled by the older siblings who came back from their adventures abroad. One most fundamental question would be: Is colonialism and slavery a just price that Africans have to pay eternally for the reward of education and trade? Whichever way the answer comes to be, Africa needs restoration. Restoration is only possible if Africans can wake up to spiritual reality and eschew the bondage of foreign religion consumed by it from its renegade sons and daughters. The turning point can only be achieved if Africans realize that religion and spirituality are distinct – that spirituality possessed by a religious person can never be fresh and neither can religion exist in a pure spirituality. Africa must free itself from this intoxicating addiction to foreign religion, and for that matter, any religion for it to be truly free. CONCLUSION. In conclusion, a keen oversee at history slowly shows us more cleary the influence of religion on African culture. The change due to the influence may not have taken place there and then but took time spreading its roots and slowly merging with the native culture and in some other instances completely eroding it. Just like how Christianity was introduced to Africa, the natives did not completely embrace it just like that, they took their precious time and in present day Africa, it is still being practiced and no one can pin point the exact time when Christianity was completely taken in by the natives of the past. These different religions which were introduced to African culture or way of life made other cultures to take a complete turnaround from their practices and events. How to cite Influence of Religion on African Culture, Papers